Xenophon - Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus

The Cyropaedia (or Cyropedia) is a partly fictional biography of Cyrus the Great, written in the early 4th century BC by the Athenian gentleman-soldier, and student of Socrates, Xenophon of Athens. The title Cyropaedia derives from Greek, meaning «The Education of Cyrus». Aspects of it would become a model for medieval writers of the genre known as mirrors for princes. In turn it was a strong influence upon the most well-known but atypical of these, Machiavelli's The Prince, which was an important influence in the rejection of medieval political thinking, and the development of modern politics. However, unlike most «mirrors of princes», and like The Prince, whether or not the Cyropaedia was really intended to describe an ideal ruler is a subject of debate. — Summary by Wikipedia